Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Hamilton)/Pausanias

by Cornelius Nepos

Cornelius Nepos

Vitae (Editio Interlinearis Latina-Anglica Ad Modum Hamiltonii)

IV. Pausanias

editio: Philadelphia, 1890(?); Iacobus Hamiltonius (James Hamilton) et Ioannes Gulielmus Subsilvius (J. W. Underwood) recensuit

III. Aristides	V. Cimon

I

Pausanias	Lacedaemonius	fuit	magnus	homo,	sed
Pausanias	the Lacedemonian	was	a great	man,	but

varius	in	omni	genere	vitae.	Nam	ut
changeable	in	every	kind	of life.	For	as

eluxit	virtutibus,	sic	obrutus-est
he shone forth	with virtues,	so	he was overwhelmed

vitiis.	Illustrissimum	praelium	huius	est
with vices.	The most illustrious	battle	of him	is

apud	Plataeas.	Namque	Mardonius,	regius	satrapes,
at	Platea.	For	Mardonius,	a royal	satrap,[1]

Medus	natione,	gener	regis,	in	primis
a Mede	by nation,	son-in-law	of the king,	in (among)	the first

omnium	Persarum,	et	fortis	manu	et	plenus
of all	the Persians,	both	brave	in hand	and	full

consilii,	cum	ducentis	millibus	peditum,
of counsel,	with	two hundred	thousands	of foot-soldiers,

quos	legerat	viritim,	et	viginti	millibus
whom	he had chosen	man-by-man,	and	twenty	thousands

equitum,	fugatus-est	Graecia,	illo	duce,
of horsemen,	was routed	from Greece,	he	(being) the leader,

manu	haud	ita	magna,	que	dux	ipse
with a band	not	so (very)	large,	and	the leader	himself

cecidit	eo	praelio.	Qua	victoria	elatus
fell	in that	battle.	By which	victory	being elated

coepit	miscere	plurima,	et	concupiscere
he began	to mix (confound)	most (things),	and	to desire

maiora.	Sed	primum	reprehensus-est	in	eo,
greater (things).	But	first	he was censured	in	this,

quod	ex	praeda	posuisset (sub.)	aureum	tripodem
that	out of	the spoil	he had placed	a golden	tripod[2]

Delphis,	epigrammate	scripto,	in	quo	haec
at Delphi,	with an inscription	written,	in	which	this

sententia	erat,	"Barbaros	deletos-esse	apud
sentence	was,	"The Barbarians	to have been destroyed	at

Plataeas	suo	ductu,	que	ergo	eius	victoriae
Plataeae	by his	guidance,	and	on account	of that	victory

dedisse	donum	Apollini."	Lacedaemonii
to have given	(it as) a gift	to Apollo."	The Lacedemonians

exsculpserunt	hos	versus,	neque	scripserunt	aliud
erased	these	verses,	nor	wrote	other

quam	nomina	earum	civitatum,	auxilio	quarum
than	the names	of those	states,	by the aid	of which

Persae	victi-erant.
the Persians	had been vanquished.

II

Post	id	praelium	miserunt	eumdem	Pausaniam
After	that	battle	they sent	the same	Pausanias

cum	communi	classe	Cyprum	atque	Hellespontum,
with	the common	fleet	(to) Cyprus	and	the Hellespont,

ut	depelleret	praesidia	barbarorum	ex	his
that	he might drive	the garrisons	of barbarians	out of	these

regionibus.	Usus	pari	felicitate
regions.	Having used (experienced)	with equal	good fortune

in	ea	re,	coepit	gerere	se	elatius,
in	that	thing,	he began	to carry	himself	more elatedly,

que	appetere	maiores	res.	Nam	quum,
and	to seek after	greater	things.	For	when,

Byzantio	expugnato,	cepisset (sub.)	complures
Byzantium	being taken by assault,	he had taken	several

nobiles	Persarum,	atque	in	his	nonnullos
nobles	of Persians,	and	in (among)	these	some

propinquos	regis,	remisit	hos	clam
relatives	of the king,	he sent back	these	privately

Xerxi,	simulans	effugisse	ex	publicis
to Xerxes,	pretending (them)	to have escaped	out of	the public

vinculis,	et	cum	his	Gongylum	Eretriensem,
chains (prison),	and	with	these	Gongylus	the Eretrian,

qui	redderet	litteras	regi,	in	quibus
who	should deliver	letters	to the king,	in	which

Thucydides	prodidit	memoriae	haec
Thucydides	has transmitted	to remembrance	these (things)

scripta-fuisse:	"Pausanias,	dux	Spartae,	misit
to have been written:	"Pausanias,	general	of Sparta,	has sent

muneri	tibi,	quos	ceperat
to present (as a present)	to thee,	whom	he had taken

Byzantii,	postquam	cognovit	tuos
of (at) Byzantium,	after that	he knew	(them to be) thy

propinquos	que	cupit	se	coniungi	tecum
relations,	and	desires	himself	to be united	with thee

affinitate:	quare,	si	videtur	tibi,
by affinity:	wherefore,	if	it seems (fit)	to thee,

des	ei	tuam	filiam	nuptum.	Si
thou mayst give	to him	thy	daughter	to marry.	If

feceris	id,	pollicetur	te	redacturum
thou shalt have done	that,	he promises	thee	about to reduce

et	Spartam	et	ceteram	Graeciam	sub	tuam
both	Sparta	and	the rest	Greece	under	thy

potestatem,	se	adiuvante.	Si	volueris (sub.)
power,	himself	assisting.	If	thou shalt will

quid	geri	de	his	rebus,	face
any (thing)	to be carried on	about	these	things,	do

mittas	ad	eum	certum
thou mayst send (take care to send)	to	him	a sure

hominem,	cum	quo	colloquatur."	Rex,	magnopere
man,	with	whom	he may converse."	The king,	greatly

gavisus	salute	tot	hominum,	tam
rejoiced	with the safety	of so many	men,	so

necessariorum	sibi,	confestim	mittit	Artabazum
nearly related	to himself,	immediately	sends	Artabazus

cum	epistola	ad	Pausaniam,	in	qua	collaudat	eum,
with	a letter	to	Pausanias,	in	which	he praises	him,

ac	petit,	parcat	ne	cui	rei	ad
and	desires,	he may spare	not	to any	thing	to (for)

ea	perficienda,	quae	pollicetur.	Si
those (things)	to be accomplished,	which	he promises.	If

fecerit,	laturum	a	se	repulsam
he shall have done (them),	about to bear	from	himself	the refusal

nullius	rei.	Pausanias,	voluntate	huius	cognita,
of no	thing.	Pausanias,	the will	of him	being known,

factus	alacrior	ad	rem	gerendam,
being made	more prompt	to	the thing	to be carried on,

cecidit	in	suspicionem	Lacedaemoniorum.	In
fell	into	the suspicion	of the Lacedemonians.	In

quo	facto	revocatus	domum,	accusatus	capitis,
which	deed	being recalled	home,	being accused	of head,

absolvitur,	tamen	multatur	pecunia:	ob	quam
he is acquitted,	however	he is fined	with money:	for	which

caussam	remissus-est	non	ad	classem.
cause	he was sent back	not	to	the fleet.

III

At	ille	non	multo	post	rediit	ad	exercitum
But	he	not	much	after	returned	to	the army

sua	sponte,	et	ibi	patefecit	cogitata
by his own	will,	and	there	discovered	meditated (things)

non	callida,	sed	dementi	ratione.	Enim	mutavit
not	in cunning,	but	mad	manner.	For	he changed

non	solum	patrios	mores,	sed	etiam	cultum
not	only	(his) native	customs,	but	also	mode of living

que	vestitum.	Utebatur	regio	apparatu,
and	dress.	He did use	with royal	equipage,

Medica	veste:	Medi	et	Aegyptii	satellites
with Median	robe:	Median	and	Egyptian	attendants

sequebantur;	epulabatur	more	Persarum,
did follow (him);	he did feast	in manner	of Persians,

luxuriosius	quam	qui	aderant	possent (sub.)
more sumptuously	than	(those) who	were present	were able

perpeti:	dabat	non	aditum	conveniendi
to endure:	he did give	not	access	of meeting

petentibus:	respondebat	superbe,	[et]
to (those) asking:	he did answer	haughtily,	[and]

imperabat	crudeliter.	Nolebat	redire
did rule	cruelly.	He was unwilling	to return

Spartam.	Contulerat	se	Colonas,	qui
(to) Sparta.	He had borne (betaken)	himself	(to) Colonae,	which

locus	est	in	agro	Troadis;	ibi	capiebat	consilia
place	is	in	the land	of Troas;	there	he did take	counsels

inimica	cum	patriae,	tum	sibi.	Postquam
unfriendly	as-well	to country,	as	to himself.	After that

Lacedaemonii	rescierunt	id,	miserunt	legatos
the Lacedemonians	understood	that,	they sent	ambassadors

ad	eum	cum	scytala,	in	qua,	more	illorum,
to	him	with	a scytala,[3]	in	which,	in the custom	of them,

erat	scriptum:	"Nisi	reverteretur	domum,
it was	written:	"Unless	he should return	home,

se	damnaturos	eum	capitis."	Commotus	hoc
themselves	about to condemn	him	of head."	Alarmed	by this

nuntio,	sperans	se	posse	depellere	etiam
message,	hoping	himself	to be able	to drive off	even

tum	instans	periculum	pecunia	et	potentia,
then	the threatening	danger	by money	and	by power,

rediit	domum.	Ut	venit	huc,	coniectus-est
he returned	home.	When	he came	hither,	he was thrown

ab	ephoris	in	publica	vincula.	(Enim	legibus
by	the magistrates	into	public	chains.	(For	by the laws

eorum	licet	cuivis	ephoro	facere	hoc
of them	it is allowed	to any	magistrate	to do	this

regi.)	Tamen	expedivit	se	hinc,	neque
to the king.)	However	he freed	himself	hence,	nor

carebat	suspicione	magis	eo.	Nam
was he free	from suspicion	more	on that account.	For

opinio	manebat,	eum	habere	societatem	cum
the opinion	did remain,	him	to have	alliance	with

rege.	Est	quoddam	genus	hominum,	quod
the king.	There is	a certain	race	of men,	which

vocatur	Ilotae,	magna	multitudo	quorum	colit
is called	Helots,	a great	multitude	of whom	cultivates

agros	Lacedaemoniorum,	que	fungitur	munere
the lands	of the Lacedemonians,	and	performs	office

servorum.	Existimabatur	sollicitare	hos	quoque
of slaves.	He was thought	to solicit	these	also

spe	libertatis.	Sed	quod	erat	nullum
by hope	of liberty.	But	because	there was	no

apertum	crimen	harum	rerum,	quo	posset (sub.)
open	crime	of these	things,	by which	he was able

argui,	putabant	non	oportere	iudicari
to be convicted,	they did think	not	to behove	to be judged

de	tali	que	tam	claro	viro	suspicionibus,
concerning	such	and	so	famous	man	by suspicions,

et	exspectandum	dum	res	ipsa
and	to be waited	till	the thing	itself

aperiret	se.
should discover	itself.

IV

Interim	Argilius	quidam	adolescentulus,	quem
Meanwhile	Argilius	a certain	little youth,	whom

Pausanias	dilexerat	puerum	venereo	amore,
Pausanias	had loved (as)	a boy	with venereal	love,

quum	accepisset (sub.)	ab	eo	epistolam	ad
when	he had received	from	him	a letter	to

Artabazum,	que	venisset (sub.)	ei	in	suspicionem,
Artabazus,	and	it had come	to him	into	suspicion,

aliquid	esse	scriptum	in	ea	de	se,
something	to be	written	in	it	about	himself,

quod	nemo	eorum,	qui	missi-erant	eodem
because	no one	of those,	who	had been sent	to same place

super	tali	caussa,	rediisset (sub.),	laxavit	vincula
upon	such	cause,	had returned,	he loosed	the bonds

epistolae,	que	signo	detracto	cognovit,
of the letter,	and	the seal	being withdrawn	discovered,

si	pertulisset,	esse-pereundum	sibi.
if	he might have carried,	to be-perished	to himself (that he must have perished).

In	eadem	epistola,	erant
In	the same	letter,	there were

quae	pertinebant	ad	ea	quae
what (things)	did belong	to	those (things)	which

convenerant	inter	regem	que	Pausaniam.	Ille
had been agreed	between	the king	and	Pausanias.	He

tradidit	has	litteras	ephoris.	Gravitas
delivered	these	letters	to the magistrates.	The dignity

Lacedaemoniorum	est	non	praetereunda	hoc
of the Lacedemonians	is	not	to be passed over	in this

loco.	Nam	ne-quidem	indicio	huius	impulsi-sunt,
place.	For	not even	by proof	of this	they were impelled,

ut	comprehenderent	Pausaniam,	neque	putaverunt
that	they should seize	Pausanias,	nor	thought

vim	adhibendam,	prius-quam	ipse	indicasset
violence	to be applied,	before that	he himself	should have discovered

se.	Itaque	praeceperunt	huic	indici,
himself.	Therefore	they charged	to this	informer,

quid	vellent (sub.)	fieri.	Fanum	Neptuni
what	they did will	to be done.	A temple	of Neptune

est	Taenari,	quod	Graeci	putant	nefas
is	of (at) Tenarus,	which	the Greeks	think	unlawful

violari.	Eo	ille	index	confugit,	que
to be violated.	Thither	that	informer	fled for refuge,	and

consedit	in	ara.	Iuxta	hanc	fecerunt
sat down	in (at)	the altar.	Nigh	this	they made

locum	sub	terra,	ex	quo,	si	quis
a place	under	the earth,	from	which,	if	any (one)

loqueretur	quid	cum	Argilio,	posset
should speak	any (thing)	with	Argilius,	it might be able

audiri.	Huc	quidam	ex	ephoris
to be heard.	Hither	certain	of	the magistrates

descenderunt.	Pausanias,	ut	audivit,	Argilium
descended.	Pausanias,	when	he heard,	Argilius

confugisse	in	aram,	venit	eo
to have fled for refuge	unto	the altar,	came	thither

perturbatus.	Quem	quum	videret (sub.)	sedentem
troubled.	Whom	when	he did see	sitting

in	ara	supplicem	dei,	quaerit,	quid
in (at)	the altar	suppliant	of the god,	he asks,	what

caussae	sit	consilio	tam	repentino.	Ille	aperit
of cause	may be	to a counsel	so	sudden.	He	discloses

huic,	quid	comperisset (sub.)	ex	litteris.
to him,	what	he had found out	from	the letters.

Pausanias,	modo	magis	perturbatus,	coepit	orare,
Pausanias,	now	more	troubled,	began	to pray,

enuntiaret	ne,	nec	proderet	se
he would publish	not,	nor	would betray	himself

meritum	optime	de	illo.	Quod-si	dedisset
having deserved	very well	of	him.	But-if	he should have given

eam	veniam	sibi,	que	sublevasset
that	favor	to himself,	and	should have helped

implicatum	tantis	rebus,	futurum-esse
(him) involved	in so great	things,	to be about to be

magno	praemio	ei.
to (as) a great	reward	to him.

V

His	rebus	cognitis,	ephori	putaverunt
These	things	being known,	the magistrates	thought (it)

satius,	eum	comprehendi	in	urbe.	Quo	quum
better,	him	to be seized	in	the city.	Whither	when

profecti-essent (sub.),	et	Pausanias,	Argilio	placato,
they had set out,	and	Pausanias,	Argilius	being appeased,

ut	putabat,	reverteretur (sub.)	Lacedaemonem,
as	he did think,	did return	(to) Lacedemon,

in	itinere	quum	iam	esset (sub.)	in	eo
in	the way	when	now	he was	in	that (on the point)

ut	comprehenderetur,	intellexit	e	vultu
that	he might be apprehended,	he understood	from	the look

cuiusdam	ephori,	qui	cupiebat	admonere	eum,
of a certain	magistrate,	who	did desire	to admonish	him,

insidias	fieri	sibi.	Itaque	paucis	gradibus
snares	to be made	to him.	Therefore	by few	steps

ante-quam	qui	sequebantur,	confugit	in
before that	(those) who	did follow,	he fled for refuge	into

aedem	Minervae,	quae	vocatur	χαλκίοικος.	Ne
the temple	of Minerva,	which	is called	Chalcioecus.	Lest

posset	exire	hinc,	ephori	statim
he might be able	to go out	hence,	the magistrates	immediately

obstruxerunt	valvas	eius	sedis,	que
shut up	the folding-gates	of that	temple,	and

demoliti-sunt	tectum,	quo	interiret	facilius	sub
demolished	the roof,	that	he might die	more easily	under

divo.	Dicitur,	matrem	Pausaniae	vixisse
the open air.	It is said,	the mother	of Pausanias	to have lived

eo	tempore,	que	eam	iam	magno	natu,
in that	time,	and	her	already	in great	age,

post-quam	comperit	de	scelere	filii,
after that	she found out	concerning	the wickedness	of son,

in	primis	attulisse	lapidem	ad	introitum
in (among)	the first	to have brought	a stone	to	the entrance

aedis	ad	claudendum	filium.	Sic	Pausanias
of temple	to	shut up	(her) son.	Thus	Pausanias

maculavit	magnam	gloriam	belli	turpi	morte.
stained	great	glory	of war	by a shameful	death.

Hic,	quum	elatus-esset (sub.)	semianimis	de
He,	when	he had been carried forth	half-alive	from

templo,	confestim	efflavit	animam.	Quum
the temple,	immediately	breathed out	life.	When

nonnulli	dicerent (sub.)	corpus	cuius	mortui	oportere
some	did say	the body	of whom	dead	ought

inferri	eodem,	quo	hi,	qui
to be carried (for burial)	to same place,	whither	those,	who

dati-essent (sub.)	ad	supplicium,	displicuit	pluribus,
had been given	to	punishment,	it displeased	to more (the greater number),

et	infoderunt	procul	ab
and	they buried (him)	far	from

eo	loco,	quo	mortuus-erat.	Posterius
that	place,	in which	he had died.	Afterwards

erutus	inde	responso	Delphica	[dei]
being dug up	thence	by the answer	of the Delphic	[god]

atque	sepultus	eodem	loco,	ubi	posuerat
and	buried	in the same	place,	where	he had placed (ended)

vitam.

life.

1. A governor or viceroy of a Persian province,
2. A three-footed stool, on which the oracular priest or priestess sat when giving responses.
3. A rod, on which the Lacedemonian magistrates rolled parchment, and wrote despatches to their generals, who had a corresponding rod, on which the parchment was rolled and the despatch became legible.