Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Hamilton)/Hannibal

by Cornelius Nepos

Cornelius Nepos

Vitae (Editio Interlinearis Latina-Anglica Ad Modum Hamiltonii)

XXIII. Hannibal

editio: Philadelphia, 1890(?); Iacobus Hamiltonius (James Hamilton) et Ioannes Gulielmus Subsilvius (J. W. Underwood) recensuit

XXII. Hamilcar	XXIV. M. Porcius Cato

I

Hannibal,	filius	Hamilcaris,	Carthaginiensis.	Si
Hannibal,	son	of Hamilcar,	the Carthaginian.	If

est	verum,	quod	nemo	dubitat,	ut	Romanus
it is	true,	which	nobody	doubts,	that	the Roman

populus	superarit (sub.)	omnes	gentes	virtute,	est
people	has surpassed	all	nations	in bravery,	it is

non	infitiandum,	Hannibalem	praestitisse	ceteros
not	to be denied,	Hannibal	to have excelled	other

imperatores	prudentia,	tanto	quanto	Romanus
commanders	in prudence,	by as much	as	the Roman

populus	antecedat (sub.)	cunctas	nationes	fortitudine.
people	surpasses	all	nations	in valour.

Nam	quotiescumque	congressus-est	cum	eo	in
For	as often as	he engaged	with	it	in

Italia,	discessit	semper	superior.	Quod	nisi
Italy,	he departed	always	superior.	Because	unless

debilitatus-esset (sub.)	invidia	suorum	civium
he had been weakened	by the envy	of his own	citizens

domi,	videretur	potuisse	superare	Romanos.
at home,	he would seem	to have been able	to overcome	the Romans.

Sed	obtrectatio	multorum	devicit	virtutem
But	the detraction	of many	conquered	the bravery

unius.	Autem	hic	sic	conservavit	paternum
of one (alone).	But	he	so	preserved	paternal

odium	erga	Romanos,	relictum	velut	hereditate,
hatred	towards	the Romans,	left	as if	by inheritance,

ut	deposuerit (sub.)	animam,	prius-quam	id;	qui
that	he laid down	life,	before that	it;	who

quidem,	quum	pulsus-esset (sub.)	patria,	et
indeed,	when	he had been driven	from country,	and

indigeret (sub.)	alienarum	opum,	numquam
did need	of foreign	resources,	never

destiterit (sub.)	bellare	animo	cum	Romanis.
desisted	to war	in mind	with	the Romans.

II

Nam,	ut	omittam	Philippum,	quem	absens
For,	that	I may omit	Philip,	whom	being absent

reddidit	hostem	Romanis,	Antiochus	fuit
he rendered	an enemy	to the Romans,	Antiochus	was

potentissimus	rex	omnium	his	temporibus.
the most powerful	king	of all	in these	times.

Incendit	hunc	tanta	cupiditate	bellandi,
He inflamed	him	with so great	desire	of warring,

ut	conatus-sit (sub.)	inferre	arma	Italiae	usque
that	he endeavoured	to bring	arms	to Italy	even

a	Rubro	Mari.	Ad	quem	cum	legati
from	Red	Sea.	To	whom	when	the deputies

Romanorum	venissent (sub.),	qui	explorarent
of the Romans	had come,	who	should discover

de	voluntate	eius,	que	darent	operam
concerning	the will	of him,	and	should give	work (use their endeavours)

clandestinis	consiliis,	ut
by secret	counsels,	that

adducerent	Hannibalem	in	suspicionem	regi,
they might bring	Hannibal	into	suspicion	to the king,

tamquam	corruptum	ab	ipsis,	sentire	alia,
as if	corrupted	by	themselves,	to feel	other (things) (to have different sentiments),

atque	antea,	neque
than	before,	nor

fecissent (sub.)	id	frustra,	que	Hannibal
had they done	that	in vain,	and	Hannibal

comperisset (sub.)	id,	que	vidisset (sub.)	se
had found out	that,	and	had seen	himself

segregari	ab	interioribus	consiliis,	tempore
to be separated	from	interior	counsels,	time

dato,	adiit	ad	regem,	que	quum
being given,	he went	to	the king,	and	when

commemorasset (sub.)	multa	ei	de	sua	fide,
he had mentioned	many (things)	to him	of	his	faith,

et	odio	in	Romanos,	adiunxit	hoc:	Meus
and	hatred	against	the Romans,	he added	this:	My

pater,	Hamilcar,	inquit,	me	puerulo,
father,	Hamilcar,	says he,	I (being)	a little boy,

utpote	nato	non	amplius	novem	annos,
inasmuch as	born	not	more than	nine	years,

proficiscens	imperator	in	Hispaniam	Carthagine,
setting out	commander	into	Spain	from Carthage,

immolavit	hostias	Iovi,	optimo,	maximo.
sacrificed	victims	to Jupiter,	the best,	the greatest.

Dum	quae	divina	res	conficiebatur,	quaesivit
Whilst	which	divine	thing	was performed,	he sought

a	me,	ne	vellem (sub.)	proficisci	secum
from	me,	whether	I did will	to set out	with him

in	castra?	Quum	accepissem (sub.)	id	libenter,
into	the camps?	When	I had received	that	willingly,

atque	coepissem (sub.)	petere	ab	eo,	dubitaret
and	had begun	to ask	from	him,	he should doubt (hesitate)

ne	ducere;	tum	ille	inquit,	Faciam,
not	to lead (me);	then	he	says,	I will do (it),

si	dederis (sub.)	mihi	fidem,	quam	postulo.
if	thou wilt give	to me	the pledge,	which	I demand.

Simul	adduxit	me	ad	aram,	apud	quam
At the same time	he led	me	to	the altar,	at	which

instituerat	sacrificare,	que	iussit,	ceteris
he had commenced	to sacrifice,	and	he ordered (me),	the others

remotis,	tenentem	eam,	iurare,	me
being removed,	holding	it,	to swear,	me

fore	numquam	in	amicitia	cum	Romanis.
to be about to be	never	in	friendship	with	the Romans.

Ego	conservavi	id	iusiurandum	datum	patri,
I	have preserved	that	oath	given	to father,

usque	ad	hanc	aetatem,	ita,	ut	debeat (sub.)	esse
even	to	this	age,	so,	that	it ought	to be

dubium	nemini,	quin	futurus-sim (sub.)	eadem
doubtful	to no one,	but that	I am about to be	in the same

mente	reliquo	tempore.	Quare	si
mind	in remaining	time.	Wherefore	if

cogitabis	quid	amice	de	Romanis,
thou shalt think	any (thing)	friendly	of	the Romans,

feceris (sub.)	non	imprudenter,	si	celaris (sub.)
thou wilt do	not	imprudently,	if	thou shalt conceal (it from)

me;	quum	quidem	parabis	bellum,
me;	when	indeed	thou shalt prepare	war,

frustraberis	teipsum,	si	posueris (sub.)	me
thou wilt disappoint	thyself,	if	thou wilt place	me

non	principem	in	eo.
not	first	in	it.

III

Igitur	hac	aetate,	qua	diximus,
Therefore	in this	age,	in which	we have said,

profectus-est	cum	patre	in	Hispaniam,	post
he set out	with	father	into	Spain,	after

obitum	cuius,	Hasdrubale	suffecto	imperatore,
the death	of whom,	Hasdrubal	being substituted	commander,

praefuit	omni	equitatui.	Hoc	quoque	interfecto,
he commanded	to all	the cavalry.	He	also	being slain,

exercitus	detulit	summam	imperii	ad	eum.
the army	conveyed	the chiefdom	of command	to	him.

Id,	delatum	Carthaginem,	comprobatum-est
That,	being carried	(to) Carthage,	was approved of

publice.	Sic	Hannibal,	[natus]	minor	quinque	et
publicly.	Thus	Hannibal,	[born]	less	than five	and

viginti	annis,	factus	imperator,	proximo
twenty	years,	being made	commander,	in next

triennio	subegit	bello	omnes	gentes
space of three years	subdued	in war	all	the nations

Hispaniae;	expugnavit	vi	Saguntum,	foederatam
of Spain;	reduced	by force	Saguntum,	an allied

civitatem:	comparavit	tres	maximos	exercitus.
city:	prepared (raised)	three	very great	armies.

Misit	unum	ex	his	in	Africam,	reliquit
He sent	one	out of	these	into	Africa,	he left

alterum	cum	Hasdrubale	fratre	in	Hispania,
another	with	Hasdrubal	the brother	in	Spain,

duxit	tertium	secum	in	Italiam.	Transiit
he led	a third	with himself	into	Italy.	He passed

Pyrenaeum	saltum.	Quacumque	fecit	iter,
the Pyrenaean	forest.	Wherever	he made	journey,

conflixit	cum	omnibus	incolis,	dimisit
he engaged	with	all	the inhabitants,	he dismissed

neminem	nisi	victum.	Posteaquam	venit	ad
no one	unless	conquered.	After that	he came	to

Alpes,	que	seiungunt	Italiam	ab	Gallia,	quas
the Alps,	which	separate	Italy	from	Gaul,	which

nemo	ante	eum	transierat	umquam	praeter
no one	before	him	had passed	ever	except

Graium	Herculem,	(quo	facto	is	hodie
the Grecian	Hercules,	(from which	deed	that	to-day

appellatur	Graius	saltus,)	concidit	Alpicos
is called	Grecian	forest,)	he cut down	the Alpians

conantes	prohibere	transitu,	patefecit	loca,
endeavouring	to hinder (him)	from passage,	he opened	places,

muniit	itinera,	[que]	effecit,	ut	ornatus
he fortified	roads,	[and]	effected,	that	an equipped

elephantus	posset (sub.)	ire	ea,	qua	antea
elephant	was able	to go	by that(way),	where	before

unus	inermis	homo	poterat	vix	repere.	Hac
one	unarmed	man	was able	scarcely	to creep.	By this

traduxit	copias,	que	pervenit	in	Italiam.
he led over	forces,	and	arrived	into	Italy.

IV

Conflixerat	apud	Rhodanum	cum	Publio
He had engaged	at	the Rhone	with	Publius

Cornelio	Scipione	consule,	que	pepulerat	eum.
Cornelius	Scipio	the consul,	and	had beaten	him.

Decernit	cum	hoc	eodem	[de]	Clastidio
He contends	with	this	same	[concerning]	Clastidium

apud	Padum;	dimittit	inde	saucium	ac
at	the Po;	he dismisses (him)	thence	wounded	and

fugatum.	Idem	Scipio,	cum	collega	Tiberio
routed.	The same	Scipio,	with	colleague	Tiberius

Longo,	venit	tertio	adversus	eum	apud	Trebiam.
Longus,	comes	thirdly	against	him	at	Trebia.

Cum	his	conseruit	manum,	profligavit	utrosque.
With	these	he joined	hand (engaged),	he routed	both.

Inde	transiit	Apenninum	per	Ligures,
Thence	he passed over	the Apennine	through	the Ligurians,

petens	Etruriam.	Hoc	itinere	afficitur
seeking	Etruria.	In this	journey	he is affected

morbo	oculorum	adeo	gravi,	ut	usus-sit (sub.)
with a disease	of the eyes	so	heavy,	that	he used

dextro	numquam	aeque	bene	postea.	Quum
the right	never	equally	well	afterwards.	When

etiam	nunc	premeretur (sub.)	qua	valetudine,	que
even	now	he was pressed	by which	ill-health,	and

ferretur (sub.)	lectica,	occidit	Caium	Flaminium
was carried	in couch,	he killed	Caius	Flaminius

consulem	apud	Trasimenum,	circumventum	insidiis
the consul	at	Trasimenus,	circumvented	by snares

cum	exercitu:	neque	multo	post,	Caium	Centenium
with	the army:	nor	much	after,	Caius	Centenius

praetorem,	occupantem	saltus	cum	delecta	manu.
the praetor,	occupying	the forests	with	a chosen	band.

Hinc	pervenit	in	Apuliam.	Ibi	duo	consules,
Hence	he arrived	into	Apulia.	There	two	consuls,

Caius	Terentius	et	Lucius	Aemilius,	venerunt	obviam
Caius	Terentius	and	Lucius	Aemilius,	came	opposite

ei.	Fugavit	exercitus	utriusque	uno	praelio,
to him.	He routed	the armies	of each	in one	battle,

occidit	Paullum	consulem,	et	aliquot	consulares
he killed	Paullus	the consul,	and	some	consular (men)

praeterea,	in	his	Cneium	Servilium	Geminum,
besides,	in (among)	these	Cneius	Servilius	Geminus,

qui	fuerat	consul	superiore	anno.
who	had been	consul	in former	year.

V

Hac	pugna	pugnata,	profectus-est	Romam,
This	fight	being fought,	he set out	(to) Rome,

nullo	resistente.	Moratus-est	in	montibus	propinquis
no one	resisting.	He delayed	in	the mountains	near

urbis.	Quum	habuisset (sub.)	castra	ibi	aliquot
of the city.	When	he had had	camps	there	some

dies,	et	reverteretur (sub.)	Capuam,	Quintus	Fabius
days,	and	was returning	(to) Capua,	Quintus	Fabius

Maximus,	Romanus	dictator,	obiecit	se	ei	in
Maximus,	Roman	dictator,	opposed	himself	to him	in

Falerno	agro.	Clausus	angustiis	locorum,
Falernian	field.	Being shut up	in the straits	of places,

expedivit	se	noctu	hinc	sine	ullo	detrimento
he freed	himself	by night	hence	without	any	loss

exercitus,	dedit	verba	callidissimo	imperatori
of army,	he gave	words (deceived)	to most cunning	commander

Fabio.	Namque	nocte	obducta,	incendit
Fabius.	For	night	being brought on,	he kindled

sarmenta	deligata	in	cornibus	iuvencorum,	que
twigs	tied	in (on)	horns	of oxen,	and

immisit	magnam	multitudinem	eius	generis	dispalatam.
sent on	a great	multitude	of that	kind	scattered.

Quo	repentino	obiectu	viso,	iniecit	tantum
Which	sudden	spectacle	being seen,	he threw	so great

terrorem	exercitui	Romanorum,	ut	nemo
terror	to the army	of the Romans,	that	no one

ausus-sit (sub.)	egredi	extra	vallum.	Non
dared	to go out	without	the rampart.	Not

ita	multis	diebus	post	hanc	rem	gestam,
so (very)	many	days	after	this	thing	being carried on,

fugavit	Marcum	Minucium	Rufum,	magistrum
he routed	Marcus	Minucius	Rufus,	master

equitum,	pari	imperio	ac	dictatorem,	productum
of the horsemen,	in equal	command	as	the dictator,	being brought

in	praelium	dolo.	Absens	in	Lucanis,
into	battle	by guile.	Being absent	in	the Lucanians,

sustulit	Titum	Sempronium	Gracchum,	iterum
he took off	Titus	Sempronius	Gracchus,	a second time

consulem,	inductum	in	insidias.	Pari	modo
consul,	led	into	snares.	In like	manner

interfecit	apud	Venusiam	Marcum	Claudium	Marcellum,
he killed	at	Venusia	Marcus	Claudius	Marcellus,

quinquies	consulem.	Est	longum	enumerare
five times	consul.	It is	long (tedious)	to enumerate

praelia.	Quare	hoc	unum	erit	satis
battles.	Wherefore	this	one (thing)	will be	enough

dictum,	ex	quo	possit	intelligi,
said,	out of	which	it may be able	to be understood,

quantus	ille	fuerit (sub.):	quamdiu	fuit	in
how great	he	was:	so long as	he was	in

Italia,	nemo	restitit	ei	in	acie,	nemo	post
Italy,	nobody	resisted	to him	in	battle,	nobody	after

Cannensem	pugnam	posuit	castra	in	campo
Cannensian	fight	placed	camps	in	plain

adversus	eum.
against	him.

VI

Hic	invictus	revocatus	defensum	patriam
He	unconquered	being recalled	to defend	country

gessit	bellum	adversus	filium	Publii	Scipionis,
carried on	war	against	the son	of Publius	Scipio,

quem	ipse	fugaverat,	primum	apud	Rhodanum,
whom	himself	had routed,	first	at	the Rhone,

iterum	apud	Padum,	tertio	apud	Trebiam.
again	at	the Po,	thirdly	at	Trebia.

Facultatibus	patriae	iam	exhaustis,	cupivit
The resources	of the country	now	being exhausted,	he desired

componere	bellum	cum	hoc	in-praesentiarum,	quo
to finish	the war	with	him	for the present,	that

valentior	congrederetur	postea.	Convenit
more powerful	he might engage	afterwards.	It was agreed upon

in	colloquium;	conditiones	convenerunt	non.
unto	the conference;	the conditions	were agreed upon	not.

Paucis	diebus	post	id	factum,	conflixit	cum
In few	days	after	that	deed,	he engaged	with

eodem	apud	Zamam;	pulsus,	(incredibile
the same	at	Zama;	being beaten,	(incredible

dictu,)	biduo	et	duabus	noctibus	pervenit
to be told,)	in two days	and	in two	nights	he arrived

Hadrumetum,	quod	abest	a	Zama	circiter
(to) Hadrumetum,	which	is distant	from	Zama	about

trecenta	millia	passuum.	In	hac	fuga,
three hundred	thousands	of paces.	In	this	flight,

Numidae,	qui	excesserant	ex	acie	simul
the Numidians,	who	had come out	from	battle	together

cum	eo,	insidiati-sunt	ei,	quos	non	solum
with	him,	waylaid	to him,	whom	not	only

effugit,	sed	etiam	oppressit	ipsos.
he escaped,	but	also	oppressed	themselves.

Hadrumeti	collegit	reliquos	ex	fuga.	Novis
At Hadrumetum	he collected	the rest	out of	flight.	By new

delectibus,	paucis	diebus,	contraxit	multos.
levies,	in few	days,	he collected	many.

VII

Quum	esset (sub.)	occupatus	acerrime	in
When	he was	occupied	most actively	in

apparando,	Carthaginienses	composuerunt	bellum	cum
preparing,	the Carthaginians	ended	war	with

Romanis.	Ille	nihilo	secius	postea	praefuit
the Romans.	He	by nothing	the less	afterwards	commanded

exercitui,	que	gessit	res	in	Africa	[que
to the army,	and	carried on	things	in	Africa	[and

item	Mago	frater	eius]	usque	ad	consules
likewise	Mago	the brother	of him]	even	to	the consuls

Publium	Sulpicium	et	Caium	Aurelium.	Enim
Publius	Sulpicius	and	Caius	Aurelius.	For

his	magistratibus,	Carthaginienses	legati
these (being)	magistrates,	Carthaginian	ambassadors

venerunt	Romam,	qui	agerent	gratias	senatui
came	(to) Rome,	who	should act	thanks	to the senate

que	Romano	populo,	quod	fecissent (sub.)	pacem
and	to the Roman	people,	because	they had made	peace

cum	his,	que	ob	eam	rem	donarent
with	them,	and	on account of	that	thing	should present

eos	aurea	corona,	que	simul
them	with a golden	crown,	and	at the same time

peterent,	ut	obsides	eorum	essent	Fregellis,
should ask,	that	the hostages	of them	might be	at Fregellae,

que	captivi	redderentur.	Responsum-est	his
and	the captives	might be returned.	It was answered	to these

ex	senatus-consulto:	Munus
from (according to)	the decree of the senate:	The present

eorum	esse	gratum	que	acceptum;	obsides
of them	to be	agreeable	and	accepted;	the hostages

futuros,	quo	loco	rogarent (sub.);	remissuros
about to be,	in what	place	they did request;	about to send back

non	captivos,	quod	haberent (sub.)	Hannibalem,
not	the captives,	because	they had	Hannibal,

opera	cuius	bellum	susceptum-foret (sub.),
by means	of whom	the war	had been undertaken,

inimicissimum	Romano	nomini,	etiam	nunc	apud
most hostile	to the Roman	name,	even	now	at

exercitum	cum	imperio,	que	item	Magonem
the army	with	command,	and	likewise	Mago

fratrem	eius.	Hoc	responso	cognito,
the brother	of him.	This	answer	being known,

Carthaginienses	revocarunt	domum	Hannibalem	que
the Carthaginians	recalled	home	Hannibal	and

Magonem.	Ut	rediit	huc,	factus-est
Mago.	When	he returned	hither,	he was made

praetor,	vigesimo	et	secundo	anno,	post-quam
praetor,	in the twentieth	and	second	year,	after that

fuerat	rex.	Enim	ut	consules	Romae,	sic
he had been	king.	For	as	the consuls	at Rome,	so

bini	annui	reges	creabantur	quotannis	Carthagine.
two	annual	kings	were created	yearly	at Carthage.

In	eo	magistratu	Hannibal	praebuit	se
In	that	magistracy	Hannibal	afforded	himself

pari	diligentia,	ac	fuerat	in	bello.	Namque
with equal	diligence,	as	he had been	in	war.	For

effecit,	non	solum	ut	esset (sub.)	pecunia	ex
he effected,	not	only	that	there was	money	from

novis	vectigalibus,	quae	penderetur	Romanis
new	taxes,	which	should be paid	to the Romans

ex	foedere,	sed	etiam	superesset (sub.),
out of (according to)	treaty,	but	also	there did remain,

ut	poneretur	in	aerario.	Deinde,	anno
which	should be placed	in	treasury.	Then,	in the year

post	praeturam,	Marco	Claudio,	Lucio
after	the praetorship,	Marcus	Claudius,	Lucius

Furio	consulibus,	legati	venerunt	Roma
Furius	being consuls,	ambassadors	came	from Rome

Carthaginem.	Hannibal	ratus	hos	missos
(to) Carthage.	Hannibal	having supposed	them	sent

gratia	sui	exposcendi,	clam	conscendit
for the sake	of himself	to be demanded,	secretly	ascended

navem,	prius-quam	senatus	daretur (sub.)
a ship,	before that	the senate (a hearing)	was given

his,	atque	profugit	in	Syriam	ad	Antiochum.
to them,	and	fled	into	Syria	to	Antiochus.

Hac	re	facta	palam,	Poeni	miserunt
This	thing	being done	openly,	the Carthaginians	sent

duas	naves	quae	comprehenderent	eum,	si
two	ships	which	should seize	him,	if

possent (sub.)	consequi;	publicarunt	bona
they could	to overtake;	they confiscated	the goods

eius;	disiecerunt	domum	a	fundamentis;
of him;	they threw down	house	from	the foundations;

iudicarunt	ipsum	exsulem.
they judged	himself	an exile.

VIII

At	Hannibal	tertio	anno	post-quam
But	Hannibal	in the third	year	after that

profugerat	domo,	Lucio	Cornelio,	Quinto
he had fled	from home,	Lucius	Cornelius,	Quintus

Minucio	consulibus,	accessit	cum	quinque
Minucius	(being) consuls,	approached	with	five

navibus	Africam	in	finibus	Cyrenaeorum,
ships	(to) Africa	in	the territories	of the Cyreneans,

si	forte	posset	inducere	Carthaginienses
if	perhaps	he might be able	to induce	the Carthaginians

ad	bellum,	spe	que	fiducia	Antiochi,
to	war,	by the hope	and	confidence	of Antiochus,

cui	persuaserat	iam,	ut	proficisceretur
to whom	he had persuaded	already,	that	he might set out

in	Italiam	cum	exercitibus.	Huc	excivit
into	Italy	with	armies.	Hither	he called out

fratrem	Magonem.	Ubi	Poeni
(his) brother	Mago.	When	the Carthaginians

resciverunt	id,	affecerunt	Magonem	absentem
understood	that,	they affected	Mago	being absent

eadem	poena,	qua	fratrem.	Quum
with the same	punishment,	with which	brother.	When

illi,	rebus	desperatis,	solvissent (sub.)	naves,	ac
they,	affairs	being desperate,	had loosed	ships,	and

dedissent (sub.)	vela	ventis,	Hannibal	pervenit	ad
had given	sails	to the winds,	Hannibal	arrived	to

Antiochum.	Duplex	memoria	prodita-est	de
Antiochus.	A double	record	has been transmitted	of

interitu	Magonis.	Namque	alii	reliquerunt	scriptum,
the death	of Mago.	For	some	have left	(it) written,

naufragio,	alii	eum	interfectum	a	servis
by shipwreck,	others	him	slain	by	the slaves

ipsius.	Autem	si	Antiochus	voluisset (sub.)
of himself.	But	if	Antiochus	had been willing

parere	consiliis	eius,	tam	in	bello
to obey	to the counsels	of him,	as well	in	the war

agendo,	quam	instituerat	in	suscipiendo,
to be acted,	as	he had determined	in (it)	to be undertaken,

dimicasset	propius	Tiberi	quam	Thermopylis
he would have fought	nearer	to the Tiber	than	to Thermopylae

de	summa	imperii.	Quem	etsi
concerning	the chiefdom	of empire.	Whom	although

videbat	conari	multa	stulte,	tamen
he did see	to endeavour	many (things)	foolishly,	yet

deseruit	in	nulla	re.	Praefuit	paucis
he forsook	in	no	thing.	He commanded	to few

navibus,	quas	iussus-erat	ducere	ex	Syria
ships,	which	he had been ordered	to lead	out of	Syria

in	Asiam,	que	his	conflixit	adversus	classem
into	Asia,	and	with these	he engaged	against	the fleet

Rhodiorum	in	Pamphylio	mari.	Quo
of the Rhodians	in	the Pamphylian	sea.	In which

quum	sui	superarentur (sub.)	multitudine
when	his own (men)	were surpassed	by the multitude

adversariorum,	ipse	fuit	superior,	cornu
of adversaries,	himself	was	superior,	in the wing

quo	gessit	rem.
in which	he carried on	the thing.

IX

Antiocho	fugato,	verens	ne	dederetur,
Antiochus	being routed,	fearing	lest	he should be given up,

quod	sine	dubio	accidisset,	si
which	without	doubt	would have happened,	if

fecisset (sub.)	potestatem	sui,	venit	Cretam
he had made	power	of himself,	he came	(to) Crete

ad	Gortynios,	ut	ibi	consideraret	quo
to	the Gortynians,	that	there	he might consider	whither

conferret	se.	Autem	vir	callidissimus
he should betake	himself.	But	the man	most cunning

omnium	vidit,	se	fore	magno	periculo,
of all	saw,	himself	to be about to be	in great	danger,

nisi	providisset	quid,	propter
unless	he should have provided	something,	on account of

avaritiam	Cretensium.	Enim	portabat	magnam
the avarice	of the Cretans.	For	he did carry	great

pecuniam	secum,	de	qua	sciebat	famam
money	with him,	of	which	he did know	the report

exiisse.	Itaque	capit	tale	consilium.
to have gone out.	Therefore	he takes	such	counsel.

Complet	complures	amphoras	plumbo;	operit
He fills	several	vessels	with lead;	he covers

summas	auro	et	argento.	Deponit	has	in
the tops	with gold	and	silver.	He deposits	these	in

templo	Dianae,	principibus	praesentibus;
the temple	of Diana,	the chief men	being present;

simulans,	se	credere	suas	fortunas	fidei
feigning,	himself	to trust	his	fortunes	to the faith

illorum.	His	inductis	in	errorem,	complet	omnes
of them.	These	being led	into	error,	he fills	all

aeneas	statuas,	quas	portabat	secum,	sua
the brazen	statues,	which	he did carry	with him,	with his

pecunia,	que	abiicit	eas	in	propatulo	domi.
money,	and	throws	them	in	an open (place)	at home.

Gortynii	custodiunt	templum	magna	cura,
The Gortynians	guard	the temple	with great	care,

non	tam	a	ceteris,	quam	ab	Hannibale,	ne
not	so much	from	others,	as	from	Hannibal,	lest

ille	tolleret	que	duceret	secum,
he	should take away	and	should lead	with him,

his	inscientibus.
they	being ignorant.

X

Sic,	suis	rebus	conservatis,	omnibus
Thus,	his own	things	being preserved,	all

Cretensibus	illusis,	Poenus	pervenit	ad
the Cretans	being deceived,	the Carthaginian	arrived	to

Prusiam	in	Pontum,	apud	quem	fuit
Prusias	into	Pontus,	at	whom	he was

eodem	animo	erga	Italiam,	neque	egit
in the same	mind	towards	Italy,	nor	acted he

quidquam	aliud,	quam	armavit	et	exercuit
any	other (thing),	than	armed	and	exercised (importuned)

regem	adversus	Romanos.	Quem	quum
the king	against	the Romans.	Whom	when

videret (sub.)	esse	minus	robustum	domesticis
he did see	to be	less	strong	in domestic

rebus,	conciliabat	ceteros	reges,	que	adiungebat
things,	he did conciliate	the other	kings,	and	did join

bellicosas	nationes.	Pergamenus	rex	Eumenes,
warlike	nations.	The Pergamenian	king	Eumenes,

amicissimus	Romanis,	dissidebat	ab	eo,	que
most friendly	to the Romans,	did differ	from	him,	and

bellum	gerebatur	inter	eos	et	mari
war	was carried on	between	them	both	by sea

et	terra.	Quo	Hannibal	cupiebat
and	by land.	On which account	Hannibal	did desire

magis	eum	opprimi.	Sed	Eumenes	utrobique
more	him	to be oppressed.	But	Eumenes	in both (by land and water)

valebat	plus	propter	societatem
did prevail	more	on account of	the alliance

Romanorum,	quem	si	removisset,	arbitrabatur
of the Romans,	whom	if	he should have removed,	he did think

cetera	fore	faciliora	sibi.
the other (things)	to be about to be	more easy	to himself.

Iniit	talem	rationem	ad	interficiendum	hunc.
He went into	such	method	to	slaying	him.

Paucis	diebus	decreturi-erant	classe.
In few	days	they were about to contend	with fleet.

Superabatur	multitudine	navium.	Erat
He was surpassed	in multitude	of ships.	It was

pugnandum	dolo,	quum	esset (sub.)	non	par
to be fought	by guile,	when	he was	not	equal

armis.	Imperavit	quam-plurimas	venenatas
in arms.	He ordered	as-many-as possible	venomous

serpentes	colligi	vivas,	que	eas	coniici
serpents	to be collected	alive,	and	these	to be thrown

in	fictilia	vasa.	Quum	confecisset (sub.)
into	earthen	vessels.	When	he had accomplished (collected)

magnam	multitudinem	harum,	die	ipso,
a great	multitude	of these,	in the day	itself,

quo	facturus-erat	navale	praelium,
in which	he was about to make	a naval	battle,

convocat	classiarios,	que	praecipit	his,
he calls together	the sailors,	and	orders	to them,

ut	omnes	concurrant	in	navem	regis
that	all	may run together	against	the ship	of the king

Eumenis	unam,	habeant	satis	tantum
Eumenes	alone,	they may have (esteem it)	enough	only

defendere	se	a	ceteris.	Illos	consecuturos
to defend	themselves	from	the others.	Them	about to attain

id	facile	multitudine	serpentium.	Autem
that	easily	by the multitude	of serpents.	But

se	facturum	ut	scirent,	in	qua
himself	about to make	that	they should know,	in	what

nave	rex	veheretur;	quem	si	aut
ship	the king	might be carried;	whom	if	either

cepissent,	aut	interfecissent,	pollicetur
they should have taken,	or	should have slain,	he promises

fore	magno	praemio	his.
to be about to be	to (as a) great	reward	to them.

XI

Tali	cohortatione	militum	facta,	classis
Such	exhortation	of the soldiers	being made,	the fleet

deducitur	in	praelium	ab	utrisque.	Acie
is led forth	into	battle	by	both.	The line

quarum	constituta,	prius-quam	signum	pugnae
of which	being arranged,	before that	the signal	of fight

daretur (sub.),	Hannibal,	ut	faceret
was given,	Hannibal,	that	he might make (it)

palam	suis,	quo	loco	Eumenes	esset (sub.),
openly	to his (men),	in which	place	Eumenes	was,

mittit	tabellarium	in	scapha	cum	caduceo,
sends	a letter-carrier	in	a boat	with	a herald's rod,

qui,	ubi	pervenit	ad	naves	adversariorum,	que
who,	when	he arrived	to	the ships	of adversaries,	and

ostendens	epistolam,	professus-est	se	quaerere
shewing	the epistle,	professed	himself	to seek

regem;	statim	deductus-est	ad	Eumenem,
the king;	immediately	he was brought	to	Eumenes,

quod	nemo	dubitabat,	aliquid	scriptum-esse
because	nobody	did doubt,	something	to have been written

de	pace.	Tabellarius,	nave	ducis
of	peace.	The letter-carrier,	the ship	of the leader

declarata	suis,	recepit	se
being shown	to his own (people),	received (betook)	himself

eodem,	unde	ierat.	At	Eumenes,
to the same place,	whence	he had gone.	But	Eumenes,

epistola	soluta,	reperit	nihil	in	ea,	nisi
the epistle	being loosed,	found	nothing	in	it,	unless

quod	pertineret (sub.)	ad	irridendum	eum.	Etsi
which	did pertain	to	mocking	him.	Although

mirabatur	caussam	cuius,	neque	reperiebatur,
he did wonder at	the cause	of which,	nor	was it found,

tamen	dubitavit	non	committere	praelium
yet	he doubted	not	to join (engage)	battle

statim.	In	concursu	horum,	Bithyni,
immediately.	In	the onset	of them,	the Bithynians,

praecepto	Hannibalis,	universi	adoriuntur
by order	of Hannibal,	whole (all together)	attack

navem	Eumenis,	quum	rex	posset (sub.)	non
the ship	of Eumenes,	when	the king	could	not

sustinere	vim	quorum,	petit	salutem
to sustain	the force	of whom,	he sought	safety

fuga;	quam	consecutus-esset	non,	nisi
in flight;	which	he would have obtained	not,	unless

recepisset (sub.)	se	intra	sua	praesidia,
he had betaken	himself	within	his own	garrisons,

quae	collocata-erant	in	proximo	littore.	Quum
which	had been placed	in (on)	the nearest	shore.	When

reliquae	Pergamenae	naves	premerent (sub.)
the remaining	Pergamenian	ships	did press

adversarios	acrius,	repente	fictilia	vasa,
adversaries	more briskly,	suddenly	the earthen	vessels,

de	quibus	fecimus	mentionem	supra,	coepta-sunt
of	which	we have made	mention	above,	were begun

coniici	in	eas,	quae	iacta	initio
to be thrown	into	them,	which	being thrown	in the beginning

excitarunt	risum	pugnantibus,	nec	poterat
excited	laughter	to (those) fighting,	nor	could it

intelligi,	quare	id	fieret (sub.).	Autem
to be understood,	wherefore	that	was done.	But

post-quam	conspexerunt	naves	completas	serpentibus,
after that	they saw	the ships	filled	with serpents,

perterriti	nova	re,	quum	viderent (sub.)
being terrified	with the new	thing,	when	they did see

non	quid	potissimum	vitarent,	averterunt
not	what	chiefly	they should avoid,	they turned

puppes,	que	retulerunt	se	ad	sua
the sterns,	and	betook	themselves	to	their

nautica	castra.	Sic	Hannibal	consilio	superavit
naval	camps.	Thus	Hannibal	by counsel	surpassed

arma	Pergamenorum,	neque	tum	solum,	sed
the arms	of the Pergamenians,	nor	then	only,	but

saepe	alias,	pari	prudentia	pepulit
often	at other times,	with equal	prudence	he beat

adversarios	pedestribus	copiis.
adversaries	with pedestrian (land)	forces.

XII

Dum	quae	geruntur	in	Asia,
Whilst	which (things)	are being carried on	in	Asia,

accidit	casu,	ut	legati	Prusiae
it happened	by chance,	that	the ambassadors	of Prusias

Romae	conarent (sub.)	apud	Lucium	Quintium
at Rome	did sup	at (with)	Lucius	Quintius

Flamininum	consularem,	atque	ibi,	mentione
Flamininus	a consular (man),	and	there,	mention

facta	de	Hannibale,	unus	ex	his	diceret (sub.),
being made	of	Hannibal,	one	of	them	did say,

eum	esse	in	regno	Prusiae.	Flamininus
him	to be	in	the kingdom	of Prusias.	Flamininus

postero	die	detulit	id	senatui.
on the following	day	related	that	to the senate.

Conscripti	Patres,	qui	existimabant	se
The conscript	Fathers,	who	did think	themselves

futuros	numquam	sine	insidiis,	Hannibale
about to be	never	without	snares,	Hannibal

vivo,	miserunt	legatos	in	Bithyniam,
(being) alive,	sent	ambassadors	into	Bithynia,

in	his	Flamininum,	qui	peterent	ab
in (among)	these	Flamininus,	who	should seek	from

rege,	haberet	ne	suum	inimicissimum
the king,	he should have	not	their	greatest enemy

secum,	que	dederet	sibi.	Prusias
with him,	and	should give up	to themselves.	Prusias

ausus-est	non	negare	his;	recusavit	illud,
dared	not	to deny	to them;	he refused	that (this),

postularent	ne	id	fieri	a	se,
they should demand	not	that	to be done	by	himself,

quod	esset (sub.)	adversus	ius	hospitii;
which	was	against	the right	of hospitality;

ipsi	comprehenderent,	si	possent (sub.);
themselves	might seize,	if	they could;

inventuros	facile	locum	ubi	esset (sub.).
about to find	easily	the place	where	he was.

Enim	Hannibal	tenebat	se	uno	loco	in
For	Hannibal	did hold	himself	in one	place	in

castello,	quod	datum-erat	ei	muneri
a castle,	which	had been given	to him	to (as) a present

ab	rege:	que	aedificarat	id	sic,	ut
by	the king:	and	had built	that	so,	that

haberet	exitum	sibi	in	omnibus	partibus
he might have	an exit	to himself	in	all	parts

aedificii,	verens	semper,	ne	veniret	usu,
of the building,	fearing	always,	lest	it should come	in use,

quod	accidit.	Quum	legati	Romanorum
which	happened.	When	the ambassadors	of the Romans

venissent (sub.)	huc,	ac	circumdedissent (sub.)
had come	hither,	and	had surrounded

domum	eius	multitudine,	puer	prospiciens
the house	of him	with a multitude,	the boy	looking out

ab	ianua	dixit	Hannibali,	plures	armatos
from	the gate	said	to Hannibal,	more	armed (men)

apparere	praeter	consuetudinem.	Qui	imperavit
to appear	beyond	custom.	Who	commanded

ei,	ut	circumiret	omnes	fores
to him,	that	he should go around	all	the doors

aedificii,	ac	renuntiaret	propere	sibi,
of the building,	and	should report	quickly	to himself,

num	obsideretur (sub.)	eodem	modo	undique.
whether	it was besieged	in the same	manner	on all sides.

Quum	puer	celeriter	renuntiasset (sub.)	quid
When	the boy	quickly	had reported	what

esset (sub.),	que	ostendisset (sub.)	omnes	exitus
it was,	and	had shewn	all	the exits

occupatos,	sensit,	id	factum	non
occupied,	he perceived,	that	(to be) done	not

fortuito,	sed	se	peti,	neque	vitam
by chance,	but	himself	to be sought,	nor	life

esse	retinendam	sibi	diutius.	Quam	ne
to be	retained	to (by) himself	longer.	Which	lest

dimitteret	alieno	arbitrio,	memor	pristinarum
he should lose	by foreign	will,	mindful	of former

virtutum,	sumsit	venenum,	quod	consueverat
virtues,	he took	poison,	which	he had used

semper	habere	secum.
always	to have	with himself.

XIII

Sic	fortissimus	vir,	perfunctus	multis	que
Thus	the most brave	man,	having discharged	many	and

variis	laboribus,	acquievit	septuagesimo	anno.	Quibus
various	labours,	rested	in the seventieth	year.	Who

consulibus	interierit (sub.),	convenit	non.
(being) consuls	he died,	it is agreed	not.

Namque	Atticus	reliquit	scriptum	in	suo	annali,
For	Atticus	has left	(it) written	in	his	annal,

mortuum,	Marco	Claudio	Marcello,	Quinto
to have died,	Marcus	Claudius	Marcellus,	Quintus

Fabio	Labeone	consulibus:	at	Polybius,	Lucio
Fabius	Labeo	(being) consuls:	but	Polybius,	Lucius

Aemilio	Paullo	et	Cneio	Baebio	Tamphilo;
Aemilius	Paullus	and	Cneius	Baebius	Tamphilus;

autem	Sulpicius,	Publio	Cornelio	Cethego,	Marco
but	Sulpicius,	Publius	Cornelius	Cethegus,	Marcus

Baebio	Tamphilo.	Atque	hic	tantus	vir	que
Baebius	Tamphilus.	And	this	so great	man	and

districtus	tantis	bellis	tribuit	nonnihil	temporis
busied	in so great	wars	bestowed	something	of time

litteris.	Namque	sunt	aliquot	libri	eius	confecti
to letters.	For	there are	some	books	of him	executed

Graeco	sermone:	in	his,	ad
in the Grecian	speech:	in (among)	these,	to

Rhodios	de	rebus	Cneii	Manlii
the Rhodians	of	the things	of Cneius	Manlius

Vulsonis	gestis	in	Asia.	Multi	prodiderunt
Vulso	carried on	in	Asia.	Many	have delivered

memoriae	bella	huius	gesta,	sed	duo	ex
to memory	the wars	of him	carried on,	but	two	of

his,	qui	fuerunt	cum	eo	in	castris,	que
these,	who	were	with	him	in	camps,	and

vixerunt	simul,	quamdiu	fortuna	passa-est,	Silenus,
lived	together,	as long as	fortune	suffered,	Silenus,

et	Sosilus	Lacedaemonius.	Atque	Hannibal	usus-est
and	Sosilus	the Lacedemonian.	And	Hannibal	used

hoc	Sosilo	doctore	Graecarum	litterarum.	Sed
this	Sosilus	(as) teacher	of Grecian	letters.	But

est	tempus	nos	facere	finem	huius	libri,
it is	time	us	to make	an end	of this	book,

et	explicare	imperatores	Romanorum,	quo
and	to unfold	the commanders	of the Romans,	that

factis	utrorumque	collatis,	possit
the actions	of both	being compared,	it may be able

facilius	iudicari,	qui	viri	sint (sub.)	praeferendi.
more easily	to be judged,	which	men	are	to be preferred.