Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Hamilton)/Themistocles

by Cornelius Nepos

Cornelius Nepos

Vitae (Editio Interlinearis Latina-Anglica Ad Modum Hamiltonii)

II. Themistocles

editio: Philadelphia, 1890(?); Iacobus Hamiltonius (James Hamilton) et Ioannes Gulielmus Subsilvius (J. W. Underwood) recensuit

I. Miltiades	III. Aristides

I

Themistocles	filius	Neocli	Atheniensis.
Themistocles	son of	Neoclus	the Athenian.

Vitia	ineuntis	adolescentiae	huius
The vices	of beginning	youth	of this (man)

emendata sunt	magnis	virtutibus:	adeo	ut	nemo
were corrected	by great	virtues:	so	that	nobody

anteferatur	huic,	pauci	putentur
may be preferred	to this (man),	few	may be thought

pares.	Sed	est	ordiendum	ab	initio.
equals.	But	it is	to be begun	from	the beginning.

Neoclus	pater	eius	fuit	generosus.	Is	duxit
Neoclus	the father	of him	was	well-born.	He	led

uxorem	civem	Acharnanam,	ex	qua
wife	a citizen	belonging to Acharnae,	of	whom

Themistocles	natus-est.	Qui	quum	probatus-esset (sub.)
Themistocles	was born.	Who	when	he had been approved of

minus	parentibus,	quod	et	vivebat	libertus,
less	by parents,	because	both	he did live	more freely,

et	negligebat	familiarem	rem,	exheredatus-est
and	did neglect	family	affair,	was disinherited

a	patre.	Quae	contumelia	fregit	non,	sed	erexit
by	father.	Which	affront	broke	not,	but	raised

eum.	Nam,	quum	iudicasset (sub.),	eam	non
him.	For,	when	he had judged,	that	not

posse	exstingui	sine	summa
to be able	to be extinguished	without	the highest

industria,	dedidit	se	totum,	reipublicae,
industry,	he gave up	himself	whole (wholly),	to the commonwealth,

diligentius	serviens	amicis	que
more diligently	serving	to friends	and

fame.	Versabatur	multum	in	privatis	iudiciis,
fame.	He was engaged	much	in	private	judgments,

prodibat	saepe	in	concionem	populi,
he did go forth	often	into	the assembly	of the people,

nulla	maior	res	gerebatur	sine	eo,	que
no	greater	thing	was carried on	without	him,	and

reperiebat	celeriter	quae	erant	opus.
he did find out	quickly	what (things)	were	necessary.

Neque	erat	minus	promtus	in	rebus	gerendis,
Nor	was he	less	ready	in	things	to be carried on,

quam	excogitandis:	quod	iudicabat
than (in things)	to be devised:	because	he did judge

verissime	et	de	instantibus	(ut	ait
most truly	both	of	present (things)	(as	says

Thucydides),	et	coniiciebat	callidissime	de
Thucydides),	and	did conjecture	most shrewdly	of

futuris.	Quo	factum-est,	ut
future (things).	By which	it was made,	that

illustraretur (sub.)	brevi	tempore.
he became renowned	in short	time.

II

Autem	primus	gradus	reipublicae
But	(his) first	step	of common-wealth

capessendae	fuit	Corcyraeo	bello:	ad
to be taken charge of	was	in the Corcyrean	war:	to

gerendum	quod	factus	praetor	a	populo,
carrying on	which	being made	praetor	by	the people,

reddidit	civitatem	ferociorem,	non	solum
he rendered	the state	more bold,	not	only

presenti	bello,	sed	etiam	reliquo	tempore.	Nam
in the present	war,	but	also	in remaining	time.	For

quum	publica	pecunia,	que	redibat	ex
when	the public	money,	which	did return	out of

metallis,	interiret (sub.)	quotannis	largitione
the mines,	did perish	yearly	by the prodigality

magistratuum,	ille	persuasit	populo,	ut	classis
of the magistrates,	he	persuaded	to the people,	that	a fleet

centum	navium	aedificaretur	ea	pecunia.
of a hundred	ships	should be built	with that	money.

Qua	effecta	celeriter,	fregit	Corcyraeos
Which	having been effected	quickly,	he broke	Corcyraeans

primum,	deinde	consectando	maritimos	praedones
first,	afterwards	by harassing	the maritime	robbers

reddidit	mare	tutum.	In	quo	cum	ornavit
he rendered	the sea	safe.	In	which	as well	he adorned

Athenienses	divitiis,	tum	fecit	etiam
the Athenians	with riches,	as	he made (them)	also

peritissimos	navalis	belli.	Quantae	saluti	id
most skilled	of naval	war.	To how great	safety	that

fuerit	universae	Graeciae,	cognitum-est	Persico
may have been	to whole	Greece,	was known	in Persian

bello,	quum	Xerxes	inferret (sub.)	bellum	universae
war,	when	Xerxes	did bring on	war	to whole

Europae	et	mari	et	terra	cum	tantis
Europe	both	by sea	and	by land	with	so great

copiis,	quantas	quisquam	habuit	neque	antea,
forces,	as	any one	had	neither	before,

neque	postea.	Enim	classis	huius
nor	afterwards.	For	the fleet	of this (Xerxes)

fuit	mille	et	ducentarum	longarum	navium,
was	of thousand	and	two hundred	long	ships,

quam	duo	millia	onerariarum	sequebantur,	autem
which	two	thousands	of transports	did follow,	but

terrestres-exercitus	fuerunt	septingentorum	millium
land armies	were of	seven hundred	thousands

peditum,	quadringentorum	millium	equitum.
of foot soldiers,	of four hundred	thousands	of horsemen.

Quum	fama	de	adventu	cuius	perlata-esset (sub.)
When	the fame	of	the arrival	of whom	had been brought

in	Graeciam,	et	Athenienses	dicerentur (sub.)	maxime
into	Greece,	and	the Athenians	were said	chiefly

peti	propter	Marathoniam	pugnam,
to be sought (aimed at)	on account of	the Marathonian	fight,

miserunt	Delphos	consultum,	quidnam	facerent
they sent	(to) Delphi	to consult,	what	they should do

de	suis	rebus.	Pythia	respondit	deliberantibus,
of	their own	affairs.	Pythia	answered (to them)	deliberating,

ut	munirent	se	ligneis	moenibus.
that	they should fortify	themselves	with wooden	walls.

Quum	nemo	intelligeret (sub.)	quo	id	responsum
When	nobody	did understand	whither	that	answer

valeret,	Themistocles	persuasit,	consilium	Apollinis
might prevail,	Themistocles	persuaded,	the counsel	of Apollo

esse,	ut	conferrent	se	que
to be,	that	they should bring together	themselves	and

sua	in	naves:	enim	eum	ligneum
their own (things)	into	ships:	for	that	wooden

murum	significari	a	deo.	Tali	consilio	probato,
wall	to be signified	by	the god.	Such	counsel	being approved of,

addunt	ad	superiores	totidem
they add	to	the former	as many

triremes[1]	naves,	que	asportant	omnia	sua,
triple-benched	ships,	and	they carry off	all	their own (things),

quae	poterant	moveri,	partim	Salamina,
which	were able	to be moved,	partly (to)	Salamis,

partim	Troezena;	tradunt	sacerdotibus	que
partly	(to) Trozene;	they deliver	to priests	and

paucis	maioribus	natu	arcem	ac
to a few	greaters	by birth (elders)	the citadel	and

sacra	procuranda,	relinquunt	reliquum
sacred things	to be taken care of,	they leave	rest of

oppidum.

town.

III

Consilium	huius	displicebat	plerisque	civitatibus,
The counsel	of him	did displease	to most	states,

et	placebat	magis	dimicari	in	terra.	Itaque
and	it did please	more	to be fought	on	land.	Therefore

delecti	missi-sunt	cum	Leonida,	rege
chosen (persons)	were sent	with	Leonidas,	king

Lacedaemoniorum,	qui	occuparent	Thermopylas,	que
of Lacedaemonians,	who	should occupy	Thermopylae,	and

paterentur	barbaros	non	progredi	longius.
should suffer	the barbarians	not	to advance	farther.

Hi	sustinuerunt	non	vim	hostium,	que
These	sustained	not	the violence	of the enemies,	and

omnes	interierunt	eo	loco.	At	communis	classis
all	perished	in that	place.	But	the common	fleet

Graeciae	trecentarum	navium,	in	qua	erant
of Greece	of three hundred	ships,	in	which	were

ducentae	Atheniensium,	primum	conflixit	cum
two hundred	of Athenian (ships),	first	engaged	with

classiariis	regis	apud	Artemisium,	inter	Euboeam
the seamen	of the king	at	Artemisium,	between	Euboa

que	continentem	terram.	Enim	Themistocles	quaerebat
and	the continental	land.	For	Themistocles	did seek

angustias,	ne	circumiretur	multitudine.	Etsi
the straits,	lest	he should be surrounded	by multitude.	Although

discesserant	hinc	pari	praelio,	tamen	ausi-sunt
they had departed	hence	with equal	battle,	however	they dared

non	manere	eodem	loco:	quod	erat
not	to remain	in the same	place:	because	(there) was

periculum	ne,	si	pars	navium	adversariorum
danger	lest,	if	part	of the ships	of the adversaries

superasset	Euboeam,	premerentur	ancipiti
might have passed	by Euboea,	they might be pressed	by double

periculo.	Quo	factum-est,	ut	discederent (sub.)
danger.	By which	it was made,	that	they did depart

ab	Artemisio,	et	constituerent (sub.)	suam	classem
from	Artemisium,	and	did station	their	fleet

apud	Salamina	exadversum	Athenas.
at	Salamis	over-against	Athens.

IV

At	Xerxes,	Thermopylis	expugnatis,	protinus
But	Xerxes,	Thermopylae	having been reduced,	immediately

accessit	astu,	que	delevit	id	incendio,
approached	the city,	and	destroyed	it	by conflagration,

nullis	defendentibus,	sacerdotibus,	quos	invenerat	in
none	defending,	the priests,	whom	he had found	in

arce,	interfectis.	Fama	cuius	classiarii
the citadel,	having been slain.	By fame	of which	the seamen

perterriti	quum	auderent (sub.)	non	manere,	et
being terrified	when	they did dare	not	to remain,	and

plurimi	hortarentur (sub.)	ut	discederent	quisque
most	did exhort	that	they should depart	each

suas	domos	que	defenderent	se
(to) their own	houses	and	should defend	themselves

moenibus,	Themistocles	unus	restitit,	et	aiebat,
with walls,	Themistocles	alone	opposed,	and	did say

universos	posse	esse	pares,	testabatur
the whole	to be able	to be	equal,	he did solemnly affirm

dispersos	perituros.	Et	affirmabat	id
(them) being dispersed	about to perish.	And	he did affirm	that

fore	Eurybiadi,	regi	Lacedaemoniorum,	qui
to be about to be	to Eurybiades,	king	of Lacedemonians,	who

tum	praeerat	summae	imperii.	Quem	quum
then	was appointed	to the height	of command.	Whom	when

moveret (sub.)	minus	quam	vellet (sub.),	misit	ad
he did move	less	than	he did will,	he sent	to

regem	noctu	ex	suis	servis	quem	habuit
the king	by night	(one) out of	his	slaves	whom	he had

fidelissimum,	ut	nuntiaret	ei	suis
most faithful,	that	he might announce	to him	in his own

verbis:	adversarios	eius	esse	in	fuga,	qui	si
words:	the adversaries	of him	to be	in	flight,	who	if

discessissent,	confecturum	bellum	cum
they might have departed,	about to finish	the war	with

maiore	labore	et	longinquiore	tempore,	quum
greater	labour	and	in longer	time,	when

cogeretur	consectari	singulos;	quos	si
he would be compelled	to pursue	each;	whom	if

aggrederetur	statim,	brevi	oppressurum
he would attack	immediately,	in short (time)	(to be) about to overwhelm

universos.	Hoc	valebat	eo,	ut	omnes
the whole.	This	did avail	thither,	that	all

cogerentur (sub.)	ingratus	ad	depugnandum.
were compelled	against their will	to	fight it out.

Hac	re	audita,	Barbarus,	credens
This	thing	having been heard,	the barbarian,	believing

nihil	doli	subesse,	postridie	conflixit
nothing	of deceit	to be under,	next day	engaged

loco	alienissimo	sibi,	contra
in a place	most disadvantageous	to himself,	on the other hand

opportunissimo	hostibus,	mari	adeo	angusto,
most advantageous	to enemies,	in a sea	so	narrow,

ut	multitudo	navium	eius	potuerit (sub.)	non
that	the multitude	of ships	of him	was able	not

explicari.	Ergo	victus-est	magis
to be unfolded (extended).	Therefore	he was conquered	more

consilio	Themistoclis,	quam	armis	Graeciae.
by the counsel	of Themistocles,	than	by the arms	of Greece.

V

Hic	etsi	gesserat	rem	male,
This	although	he had carried on	the thing	badly,

tamen	habebat	tantas	reliquias	copiarum,	ut
however	had	so great	remains	of forces,	that

etiam	cum	his	posset	opprimere	hostes.
even	with	these	he might be able	to overwhelm	enemies.

Iterum	depulsus-est	gradu	ab
Again	he was driven	from the step (favorable position)	by

eodem.	Nam	Themistocles	verens,	ne	perseveraret
the same.	For	Themistocles	fearing,	lest	he should persevere

bellare,	fecit	eum	certiorem,	id
to war,	made	him	more certain (informed him),	that

agi,	ut	pons,
to be done (that this was in contemplation),	that	the bridge,

quem	ille	fecerat	in	Hellesponto,	dissolveretur,
which	he	had made	on	the Hellespont,	should be destroyed,

ac	excluderetur	reditu	in	Asiam;	que
and	he should be excluded	from return	into	Asia;	and

persuasit	id	ei.	Itaque,	qua
he persuaded	that	to him.	Therefore,	by which (way)

fecerat	iter	sex	mensibus,	reversus-est	in
he had made	the journey	in six	months,	he returned	into

Asiam	eadem	minus	triginta	diebus,	que
Asia	by the same (way)	in less	than thirty	days,	and

iudicavit	se	non	superatum	sed	conservatum
judged	himself	not	overcome	but	preserved

a	Themistocle.	Sic	Graecia	liberata-est	prudentia
by	Themistocles.	Thus	Greece	was freed	by the prudence

unius	viri,	que	Asia	succubuit	Europae.	Haec
of one	man,	and	Asia	yielded	to Europe.	This (is)

altera	victoria,	quae	possit	comparari	cum
another	victory,	which	may be able	to be compared	with

Marathonio	tropaeo.	Nam	pari	modo	apud
Marathonian	trophy.	For	in like	manner	at

Salamina	parvo	numero	navium	maxima	classis
Salamis	with a small	number	of ships	the greatest	fleet

post	memoriam	hominum	devicta-est.
after (since)	the memory	of men	was vanquished.

VI

Themistocles	fuit	magnus	hoc	bello,	nec	minor
Themistocles	was	great	in this	war,	nor	less

in	pace.	Enim	quum	Athenienses	uterentur (sub.)
in	peace.	For	when	the Athenians	did use

Phalerico	portu,	neque	magno	neque	bono,
Phalerican	harbour,	neither	great	nor	good,

consilio	huius	triplex	portus	Piraeei	constitutus-est;
by counsel	of him	the triple	harbour	of Piraeus	was constructed;

que	circumdatus	iis	moenibus,	ut	aequipararet (sub.)
and	surrounded	with those	walls,	that	it did equal

urbem	ipsam	dignitate,	superaret (sub.)	utilitate.
the city	itself	in dignity,	did surpass (it)	in usefulness.

Idem	restituit	muros	Atheniensium	suo
The same	restored	the walls	of the Athenians	with his own

praecipuo	periculo.	Namque	Lacedaemonii	nacti
particular	risk.	For	the Lacedemonians	having obtained

idoneam	caussam	propter	excursiones
fit	cause	on account of	the excursions

barbarorum,	qua	negarent (sub.),	oportere
of the barbarians,	by which	they did deny,	to be fit

habere	ullam	urbem	extra	Peloponnesum,	conati-sunt
to have	any	city	beyond	the Peloponnesus,	attempted

prohibere	Athenienses	aedificantes,	ne	essent
to hinder	Athenians	building,	lest	there might be

munita	loca,	que	hostes	possiderent.	Hoc
fortified	places,	which	the enemies	might possess.	This

spectabat	longe	alio,	atque	volebant
did look (had reference)	far	elsewhere,	and (than)	they did will

videri.	Enim	Athenienses	duabus	victoriis,
to seem.	For	the Athenians	by the two	victories,

Marathonia	et	Salaminia,	consecuti-erant	tantam
Marathonian	and	Salaminian,	had obtained	so great

gloriam	apud	omnes	gentes,	ut	Lacedaemonii
glory	at (among)	all	nations,	that	the Lacedemonians

intelligerent (sub.),	certamen	de	principatu	fore
did understand,	the contest	concerning	chief power	to be about to be

sibi	cum	his.	Quare	volebant
to themselves	with	these.	Wherefore	they did will

eos	esse	quam-infirmissimos.	Autem	postquam
them	to be	as weak as possible.	But	after that

audierunt	muros	instrui,	miserunt	legatos
they heard	the walls	to be built,	they sent	ambassadors

Athenas,	qui	vetarent	id	fieri.	Desierunt,
(to) Athens,	who	should forbid	that	to be done.	They desisted,

his	praesentibus,	ac	dixerunt	se
these	being present,	and	said	themselves (to be)

missuros	legatos	ad	eos	de	ea	re.
about to send	ambassadors	to	them	concerning	that	thing.

Themistocles	suscepit	hanc	legationem,	et	profectus-est
Themistocles	undertook	this	embassy,	and	departed

solus	primo;	praecepit	ut	reliqui	legati
alone	first;	he directed	that	the remaining	ambassadors

exirent	tum,	quum	altitudo	muri	videretur
should go out	then,	when	the height	of the wall	might seem

satis	exstructa:	interim	omnes,	servi	atque
enough	built:	meanwhile	all,	slaves	and

liberi,	facerent	opus,	neque	parcerent	ulli
freemen,	should do	the work,	nor	should spare	to any

loco,	sive	esset	sacer,	sive	profanus,	sive
place,	whether	it might be	sacred,	or	profane,	whether

privatus,	sive	publicus,	et	congererent	undique
private,	or	public,	and	should collect	from all parts

quod	putarent	idoneum	ad	muniendum.	Quo
what	they might think	fit	to	fortifying.	By which

factum-est,	ut	muri	Atheniensium	constarent (sub.)
it was made,	that	the walls	of the Athenians	did consist

ex	sacellis	que	sepulcris.
out of	chapels	and	tombs.

VII

Autem	Themistocles,	ut	venit	Lacedaemonem,
But	Themistocles,	when	he came (to)	Lacedemon,

noluit	adire	ad	magistratus,	et	dedit	operam,
willed not	to go	to	the magistrates,	and	gave	endeavour,

ut	duceret	tempus	quam-longissime,
that	he might lead (protract)	the time	as long as possible,

interponens	caussam,	se	exspectare	collegas,
alleging	(as) a cause,	himself	to wait for	colleagues,

quum	Lacedaemonii	quererentur (sub.),	opus
when	the Lacedemonians	did complain,	the work

nihilominus	fieri,	que	eum	conari	fallere
nevertheless	to be done,	and	him	to attempt	to deceive

in	ea	re.	Interim	reliqui	legati
in	that	thing.	Meanwhile	the remaining	ambassadors

consecuti-sunt.	A	quibus	quum	audisset (sub.),
came up.	From	whom	when	he had heard,

multum	munitionis	non	superesse,	accessit	ad
much	of the fortifying	not	to remain,	he went to	to

Ephoros	Lacedaemoniorum,	penes	quos	erat
the Ephori	of the Lacedemonians,	in power	of whom	was

summum	imperium,	atque	contendit	apud	eos
the highest	command,	and	contended	at (before)	them

falsa	esse-delata	his;	quare
false (things)	to have been reported	to them;	wherefore

esse	aequum,	illos	mittere	bonos	que	nobiles	viros
to be	just,	them	to send	good	and	noble	men

quibus	fides	haberetur,	qui	explorarent	rem;
to whom	faith	might be had,	who	might examine	the thing;

interea	retinerent	se	obsidem.	Mos
meanwhile	they should retain	himself	hostage.	Manner

gestus-est	ei;	que	tres
was carried	to him (his request was complied with);	and	three

legati,	functi	summis	honoribus,
ambassadors,	having discharged	with highest	honors,

missi-sunt	Athenas.	Themistocles	iussit	suos
were sent	(to) Athens.	Themistocles	ordered	his own

collegas	proficisci	cum	his,	que	praedixit
colleagues	to depart	with	these,	and	he said before

eis,	ut	dimitterent	ne	legatos
to them,	that	they should dismiss	not	the ambassadors

Lacedaemoniorum	prius,	quam	ipse	remissus-esset (sub.).
of the Lacedemonians	before,	than	himself	had been sent back.

Postquam	ratus-est,	hos	pervenisse	Athenas,
After that	he supposed,	these	to have arrived	(at) Athens,

adiit	ad	magistratum	que	senatum	Lacedaemoniorum,
he went	to	the magistrate	and	senate	of the Lacedemonians,

et	apud	eos	professus-est	liberrime,	Athenienses
and	at (before)	them	he avowed	most freely,	the Athenians

suo	consilio,	sepsisse	publicos	deos	que
by his own	counsel,	to have enclosed	the public	gods	and

suos	patrios	ac	penates	muris,	quo
their own	native	and	household gods	with walls,	that

possent,	facilius	defendere	ab	hoste,
they might be able,	more easily	to defend	from	enemy,

quod	possent (sub.)	facere	communi	iure	gentium,
which	they were able	to do	by the common	right	of nations,

neque	in	eo	fecisse,	quod	esset (sub.)	inutile
nor	in	that	to have done,	what	was	useless

Graeciae.	Nam	urbem	illorum	oppositam-esse
to Greece.	For	the city	of them	to have been opposed

barbaris	ut	propugnaculum,	apud	quam	regias
to the barbarians	as	a bulwark,	at	which	the royal

classes	fecisse	naufragium	bis	iam.	Autem
fleets	to have made	shipwreck	twice	already.	But

Lacedaemonios	facere	male	et	iniuste,	qui
Lacedemonians	to do	badly	and	unjustly,	who

intuerentur (sub.)	potius	id,	quod	esset (sub.)	utile
did regard	rather	that,	which	was	useful

dominationi	ipsorum,	quam	quod	universae	Graeciae.
to the dominion	of themselves,	than	what	to whole	Greece.

Quare	si	vellent	recipere	suos	legatos,
Wherefore	if	they should will	to receive	their own	ambassadors,

quos	miserant	Athenas,	remitterent
whom	they had sent	(to) Athens,	they should send back

se,	aliter	recepturi	illos	numquam	in
himself,	otherwise	about to receive	them	never	into

patriam.

native country.

VIII

Tamen	effugit	non	invidiam	suorum	civium.
However	he escaped	not	the envy	of his own	citizens.

Namque	ob	eumdem	timorem,	quo	Miltiades
For	on account of	the same	fear,	by which	Miltiades

damnatus-erat,	eiectus	suffragiis	testularum	e
had been condemned,	being cast out	by votes	of little shells	out of

civitate,	concessit	Argos (plural)	habitatum.	Quum
the state,	he departed	(to) Argos	to dwell.	When

viveret (sub.)	hic	cum	magna	dignitate	propter
he did live	here	with	great	dignity	on account of

multas	virtutes	eius,	Lacedaemonii	miserunt
the many	virtues	of him,	the Lacedemonians	sent

legatos	Athenas,	qui	accusarent	eum	absentem,
ambassadors	(to) Athens,	who	should accuse	him	absent,

quod	fecisset (sub.)	societatem	cum	rege
because	he had made	alliance	with	the king

Persarum	ad	Graeciam	opprimendam.	Absens
of the Persians	to	Greece	to be oppressed.	Absent

damnatus-est	hoc	crimine	proditionis.	Ut
he was condemned	with	this charge	of treason.	When

audivit	id,	demigravit	Corcyram,	quod
he heard	that,	he emigrated	(to) Corcyra,	because

videbat	non	se	tutum	satis	Argis.
he did see	not	himself	safe	enough	in Argos.

Ibi	quum	animadvertisset (sub.)	principes	eius
There	when	he had perceived	the chiefs	of that

civitatis	timere,	ne	Lacedaemonii	et	Athenienses
state	to fear,	lest	the Lacedemonians	and	Athenians

indicerent	bellum	his	propter	se,
might declare	war	to them	on account of	himself,

confugit	ad	Admetum,	regem	Molossorum,	cum
he fled	to	Admetus,	king	of the Molossians,	with

quo	hospitium	erat	ei.	Quum	venisset (sub.)
whom	hospitality	was	to him.	When	he had come

huc,	et	rex	abesset (sub.)	in-praesentia,	quo
hither,	and	the king	was absent	for-the-present,	that

tueretur	se	receptum	maiore	religione,
he might protect	himself	being received	with greater	religion,

arripuit	parvulam	filiam	eius,	et	coniecit
he seized	the very little	daughter	of him,	and	threw

se	cum	ea	in	sacrarium,	quod	colebatur
himself	with	her	into	a sanctuary,	which	was worshipped

summa	ceremonia.	Egressus-est	non	inde	prius,
with highest	ceremony.	He came out	not	thence	before,

quam	rex,	dextra	data,	reciperet (sub.)
than	king,	right (hand)	having been given,	did receive

eum	in	fidem,	quam	praestitit.	Nam	quum
him	into	faith,	which	he performed.	For	when

exposceretur (sub.)	publice	ab	Atheniensibus	et
he was demanded	publicly	by	the Athenians	and

Lacedaemoniis,	prodidit	non	supplicem,	que
Lacedemonians,	he betrayed	not	the suppliant,	and

monuit,	ut	consuleret	sibi:	enim	esse
advised,	that	he should consult	for himself:	for	to be

difficile,	eum	versari	tuto	in	loco	tam
difficult,	him	to be engaged	safely	in	a place	so

propinquo.	Itaque	iussit	eum	deduci
near.	Therefore	he ordered	him	to be conducted

Pydnam,	et	dedit	quod	esset	satis	praesidii.
(to) Pydna,	and	gave	what	might be	enough	of guard.

Hic	ascendit	in	navem	ignotus	omnibus	nautis.
He	ascended	into	a ship	unknown	to all	the sailors.

Quum	quae	ferretur (sub.)	maxima	tempestate
When	which	was borne	by greatest	tempest

Naxum,	ubi	exercitus	Atheniensium	tum	erat,
(to) Naxus,	where	an army	of Athenians	then	was,

Themistocles	sensit,	esse	pereundum	sibi,
Themistocles	perceived,	to be	to be perished	to himself (that he must perish)

si	pervenisset	eo.
if	he should have arrived	thither.

Coactus	hac	necessitate	aperit	domino
Compelled	by this	necessity	he discloses	to the master

navis,	qui	sit (sub.),	pollicens	multa,	si
of the ship,	who	he is,	promising	many (things),	if

conservasset	se.	At	ille,	captus
he should have preserved	himself.	But	he,	taken

misericordia	clarissimi	viri,	tenuit	navem
with compassion	of the most famous	man,	held	the ship

in	ancoris	in	salo	procul	ab	insula	diem
in	anchors	in	the deep	far	from	the island	day

que	noctem,	neque	passus-est	quemquam	exire
and	night,	nor	suffered	any one	to go out

ex	ea.	Inde	pervenit	Ephesum,	que	ibi
out of	it.	Thence	he arrived	(to) Ephesus,	and	there

exponit	Themistoclem,	cui	ille	postea	retulit
he puts out	Themistocles,	to whom	he	afterwards	returned

gratiam	pro	meritis.
favor	for	merits.

IX

Scio,	plerosque	scripsisse	ita,	Themistoclem
I know,	most	to have written	thus,	Themistocles

transisse	in	Asiam	Xerxe	regnante.	Sed	ego
to have gone over	into	Asia	Xerxes	reigning.	But	I

credo	Thucydidi	potissimum,	quod	erat	proximus
believe	to Thucydides	chiefly,	because	he was	nearest

aetate,	qui	reliquerunt	historiam	illorum	temporum,
in age,	who	have left	the history	of those	times,

et	fuit	eiusdem	civitatis.	Autem	is	ait	eum
and	was	of the same	state.	But	he	says	him

venisse	ad	Artaxerxem,	atque	misisse
to have come	to	Artaxerxes,	and	to have sent

epistulam	his	verbis:	Themistocles	veni	ad
a letter	in these	words:	(I) Themistocles	have come	to

te,	qui	omnium	Graiorum	intuli	plurima
thee,	who	of all	Greeks	have brought on	most

mala	in	tuam	domum,	quum	fuit	necesse
evils	into (upon)	thy	house,	when	it was	necessary

mihi	bellare	adversus	tuum	patrem,	que	defendere
to me	to war	against	thy	father,	and	to defend

meam	patriam.	Idem	feci	multo	plura
my	country.	(I) the same	have done	by much	more

bona,	postquam	ipse	(coepi	esse)	in	tuto,
good (things),	after that	I myself	(began	to be)	in	safe,

et	ille	coepit	esse	in	periculo.	Nam	quum
and	he	began	to be	in	danger.	For	when

vellet (sub.)	reverti	in	Asiam,	proelio	facto
he was willing	to return	into	Asia,	battle	having been made (fought)

apud	Salamina,	feci	eum	certiorem
at	Salamis,	I made	him	more certain

litteris,	id	agi,
by letters,	that	to be done (that it was in contemplation),

ut	pons,	quem	fecerat	in	Hellesponto,
that	the bridge,	which	he had made	on the	Hellespont,

dissolveretur,	atque	circumiretur	ab
should be destroyed,	and	he should be surrounded	by

hostibus,	quo	nuntio	ille	liberatus-est	periculo.
enemies,	by which	message	he	was freed	from danger.

Autem	nunc	exagitatus	a	cuncta	Graecia,	confugi
But	now	driven out	from	whole	Greece,	I have fled

ad	te,	petens	tuam	amicitiam:	quam	si
to	thee,	seeking	thy	friendship:	which	if

adeptus-ero,	habebis	me	bonum	amicum,
I shall have obtained,	thou shalt have	me	a good	friend,

non	minus	quam	ille	expertus-est	fortem	inimicum.
not	less	than	he	experienced	(me) a brave	enemy.

Autem	rogo	ea,	ut	de	his
But	I request	these (things),	that	concerning	these

rebus,	quas	volo	loqui	cum	te,	des
things,	which	I will	to speak	with	thee,	thou mayst give

mihi	annum	temporis,	que	eo	transacto
to me	a year	of time,	and	that	having been passed

patiaris	me	venire	ad	te.
thou mayest suffer	me	to come	to	thee.

X

Rex	admirans	magnitudinem	animi	huius,	que
The king	admiring	the greatness	of mind	of him,	and

cupiens	talem	virum	conciliari	sibi,	dedit
desiring	such	a man	to be gained over	to himself,	gave

veniam.	Ille	dedit	omne	illud	tempus	litteris	que
leave.	He	gave	all	that	time	to letters	and

sermoni	Persarum,	quibus	eruditus-est	adeo,
to speech	of the Persians,	in which	he was instructed	so,

ut	dicatur (sub.)	fecisse	verba	apud	regem
that	he is said	to have made	words	at (with)	the king

multo	commodius,	quam	hi,	qui	nati-erant
by much more	aptly,	than	those,	who	had been born

in	Perside,	poterant.	Quum	hic	pollicitus-esset (sub.)
in	Persia,	were able.	When	he	had promised

multa	regi,	que	illud	gratissimum,
many (things)	to the king,	and	that	most agreeable (thing),

si	vellet	uti	suis	consiliis,	illum
if	he might will	to use	his	counsels,	him (to be)

oppressurum	Graeciam	bello,	donatus	magnis
about to oppress	Greece	with war,	gifted	with great

muneribus	ab	Artaxerxe,	rediit	in	Asiam,
presents	by	Artaxerxes,	he returned	into	Asia,

que	constituit	domicilium	sibi	Magnesiae.
and	settled	abode	to himself	at Magnesia.

Namque	rex	donarat	hanc	urbem	ei,
For	the king	had presented	this	city	to him,

quidem	his	verbis,	quae	praeberet	panem
indeed	with these	words,	which	might afford	bread

ei;	(ex	qua	regione	quinquaginta	talenta
to him;	(out of	which	region	fifty	talents

redibant	quotannis):	autem	Lampsacum,	unde
did return	annually):	but	Lampsacus,	whence

sumeret	vinum:	Myuntem;	ex	qua	haberet
he might take	wine:	Myus;	out of	which	he might have

opsonium.	Duo	monumenta	huius	manserunt	ad
meat.	Two	monuments	of him	have remained	to

nostram	memoriam,	sepulcrum	prope	oppidum,	in
our	memory,	the sepulchre	near	the town,	in

quo	sepultus-est;	statuae	in	foro	Magnesiae.
which	he was buried;	statues	in	the market-place of	Magnesia.

De	morte	cuius	scriptum-est
Concerning	the death	of whom	it has been written

multimodis	apud	plerosque:	sed	nos	probamus
in many manners	at (in)	several (authors);	but	we	approve of

potissimum	eumdem	Thucydidem,	auctorem,	qui	ait
chiefly	the same	Thucydides,	author,	who	says

illum	mortuum (-esse)	morbo	Magnesiae,	neque
him	to have died	by disease	at Magnesia,	nor

negat	famam	fuisse,	sumsisse	venenum
denies	a report	to have been,	to have taken	poison

sua	sponte,	quum	desperaret (sub.)	se
with his own	will,	when	he did despair	himself

posse	praestare	quae	pollicitus-esset (sub.)
to be able	to perform	what (things)	he had promised

regi	de	Graecia	opprimenda.	Idem
to the king	concerning	Greece	to be oppressed.	The same

prodidit	memoriae	ossa	eius	sepulta (-esse)
has delivered	to memory	the bones	of him	to have been buried

clam	in	Attica	ab	amicis,	quoniam	concederetur (sub.)
secretly	in	Attica	by	friends,	since	it was granted

non	legibus,	quod	damnatus-esset (sub.)	proditionis.
not	by laws,	because	he had been condemned	of treachery.

1. The Trireme was a galley with three rows or tiers of oars.